Medications

A combination of medications may be used to treat heart failure depending on the type and severity of the condition.

Diuretics - reduce the amount of fluid in the body and are useful for patients with fluid retention and hypertension. Side effects can include loss of too much potassium, weakness, muscle cramps, joint pains and impotence.

Digitalis - increases the force of the heart's contractions, helping to improve circulation. Side effects can include nausea, vomiting, appetite loss, diarrhea, confusion and new heartbeat irregularities.

ACE inhibitors - decrease the pressure inside blood vessels so the heart doesn't have to work as hard to pump blood through the vessels. These drugs work by preventing the production of a chemical that causes the blood vessels to narrow. Side effects can include coughing, skin rashes, fluid retention, excess potassium in the bloodstream, kidney problems, and an altered or lost sense of taste.

Hydralazine - widens blood vessels, increasing blood flow. Side effects can include headaches, rapid heartbeat and joint paint.

Nitrates - used mostly for chest pain, but may also help diminish heart failure symptoms. They relax smooth muscles and widen blood vessels. They act to primarily lower systolic blood pressure. Side effects can include headaches.

Beta Blockers - These medications slow the heart rate and decrease its ability to contract. Beta blockers are the latest medications to be added to the arsenal against heart failure. These medications are prescribed for people with mild to moderate heart failure.